Summary Of The International Monetary System Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1957 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? The issues with globalization are not new and those issues associated with trade and how to pay for the transferred goods has definitely been around for a while. Currently the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is the organization that has been tasked with stabilizing the international monetary system, which can fluctuate at any time of the day. If the monetary system were allowed to fluctuate on its money countries would find themselves in a difficult situation, which they would have, very little impact on their own. The world has seen a number of different systems over the last 150 years, from the Gold Standard to the systems we have in place today. So far the IMF has been the most successful, but even it has had to make some drastic decisions, like the one in Argentina in 1991 the IMF ruled that it would not bail them out again. The Argentinean Economy was teetering and the IMF ruled that more loans would be futile. Argentinas money was tied to the US dollar, 1 for 1, but the system was failing and the IMF ruled that drastic measures would be needed, before more help could be provided. In the aftermath the economy and stability of the Argentine nation crashed (Blustein, 54). This is a drastic case, but the IMF must provide financial stability, it cannot just provide loans through the World Bank to hold off the inevitable. Before I get into the real mission of the IMF lets first take a look at a few of the international monetary systems that were used in the past. The first adoption of many of the functions of the modern international monetary system can be traced back to the gold standard. The gold standard was the system that was in use from the late 19th until early in 20th century up until just after World War I. The gold standard was based on the free circulation between nations of gold coins of standard specification, mainly based on the gold coins produced by the Royal Mint in England. Under the gold standard system, gold was the only standard of value; in short all currency and trade goods were fixed on the value of gold. The reason the gold standard collapsed was the lack of liquidity; the worlds supply of money in circulation was limited by the worlds supply of gold. The discovery of a new gold field could cause prices to rise. The increase in trade and other problems with the system caused the international gold standard break down in 1914. The gold standard was replaced by the gold bullion standard during the twenties under which nations no longer minted gold coins but backed their currencies with gold bullion and agreed to buy and sell the bullion at a fixed price. Similar issues caused the gold bullion standard system to collapse, and it only lasted about ten years. Gold continued to play an important part in the monetary system with the adoption of the Gold-Exchange System used in the period after World War II, trade was conducted according to the gold-exchange standard. The participating nations fixed the value of their currencies not with respect to gold, but to some foreign currency, which is in turn fixed to and redeemable in gold. Most nations fixed their currencies to the U.S. dollar and retained dollar reserves in the United States, which became known as the key currency country. The decision to go to ultimately go to the Gold-Exchange System was made at the Bretton Woods international conference in 1944. The result of the conference ultimately led to the creation of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The IMF would be tasked with maintaining a stable exchange rate on a global level (Galbraith, 160). The IMF continues to the present day and the world does not seem to be moving away from its support of the IMF. The IMF has dealt with two key changes in the way the monetary system has been dealt with, both involved US currency. The first led to the Two-Tier System which was occurred during the sixties, as U.S. commitments drew gold reserves from the nation. Thi s caused the dollar to weaken, leading some countries exchange dollars for gold, this led to a drain on U.S. gold reserves. The two-tier system was created in 1968, In the official tier, consisted of central bank gold traders, in this tier the value of gold was set at $35 an ounce, to keep gold reserves stable gold payments to no central bankers were prohibited (Mayer, 1). The second tie was the free-market tier, mainly all nongovernmental gold traders; golds price fluctuated like a normal market, through supply and demand. Gold and the U.S. dollar continued to be the major reserve asset for the worlds central banks. This system did not stop the drain on U.S. gold reserves; in 1971 the United States was forced to abandon gold convertibility. This action left the world without a single, unified international monetary system. This is considered to be the end of the fixed rate system, which evolved from the collapse of the gold standard way back in 1914 (Greider, 251). With the end of the two tiered system, there was a period of high inflation after the United States abandoned gold convertibility. This action forced the IMF to agree (1976) to a system of floating exchange rates, this formally ended the gold standard. The values of various currencies were to be determined by the market. This is something we experience today as we convert currency during international travel; it changes on a regular basis. The US dollar was and is still seen as the key currency, the Japanese yen and the German Deutschmark strengthened and became increasingly important in international financial markets. The introduction of the euro was introduced in financial markets in 1999 as replacement for eleven mainly European currencies (including the Deutschmark). It began circulating in 2002 in 12 EU nations; the euro replaced the European Currency Unit, which had become the second most commonly used currency after the dollar. Today, though in a downward trend, many large companies use the euro rather than the dollar in bond trading (Greider, 24). Now that I have explained the evolution of the monetary system, you might be asking what does the IMF do? The IMF is the worlds central organization for international monetary cooperation and is headquartered in Washington, DC. The organization depends on cooperation of all participating countries in the world to work together to promote the common good of the monetary system. The IMFs primary purpose is to ensure the stability of the international monetary system; which currently is a system of exchange rates and international payments that enables countries (and their citizens) to buy goods and services from each other. This action is essential for sustainable economic growth and to raise the living standards of the worlds population (IMF.COM). The IMF is currently trying to maintain economic stability and to prevent financial crises in the international monetary system. The IMF continuously reviews national, reg ional, and global economic markets for financial developments. It also provides advice to member countries, encouraging them to adopt policies that foster; Economic stability throughout the world Reduced the vulnerability to economic and financial crises Raise living standards The IMF also provides a forum where member countries can discuss the national, regional, and global consequences of their policies. The IMF also makes temporarily financing available to member countries to help them address balance of payments problems; when countries are short of foreign exchange because their payments to other countries exceed their foreign exchange earnings. This is the situation that Argentina found itself in, when the IMF denied them short term loans, like a banker the IMF must ensure they can repay the loan. The IMF also provides technical assistance and training to help countries build the expertise and institutions they need for economic stability and growth (IMF.COM). Obvi ously the as seen in the current recession the IMF cannot avoid every financial crisis, but it can help ensure that money is available to keep it spiraling out of control, much like the Great Depression of the 1930s. As I have stated the IMF is an organization of cooperating member countries. Crucial to the monetary system is the World Bank, they both have similar functions and the actions of each often appear as one, the Bank and the IMF are separate entities. To clear up the confusion it essential that the following differences are noted; The Bank is primarily a development institution. The IMF is a cooperative institution that seeks to maintain an orderly system of payments and receipts between nations. The IMF and the World Bank have and serve different purposes, they each have a distinct structure, funding is from different sources, assists different categories of members, and each have distinct goals(Greider, 75). To further help distinguish the IMF and the Worl d Bank, the bank has one primary goal; it promotes economic and social progress in developing countries. They accomplish this by helping to raise productivity so that their people may live a better and fuller life. This does not happen overnight and is not continuous, the general upward rise in the standard of living around the world since WW II is testament to the success of the World Bank. On the other hand remember the IMF tries to stabilize sudden and unpredictable variations in the monetary exchange values of national currencies. The IMF mainly functions on trust and cooperation, while the World Bank is the investment arm of the monetary system(Greider, 236). To help further define the World Bank it is made up of two organizations: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the International Development Association (IDA). It should be noted to that another organization that has a role to play in the international monetary system is the International Financ e Corporation it provides funding for private enterprises in developing countries. The World Bank is the primary source of funding for countries, to help with the mission of the World Bank it employs an expertise in the following areas: economists, engineers, urban planners, agronomists, statisticians, lawyers, portfolio managers, loan officers, project appraisers, as well as experts in telecommunications, water supply and sewerage, transportation, education, energy, rural development, population and health care (IMF.Com). Since the demise of the fixed exchange rate system in 1971, primarily the flexible exchange rate system has been used to manage the international monetary system. The flex rate system seems to be more adaptable, to handle the constant changing landscape of the global economy. I think the fixed rate system is just too simple to handle the complexities of the modern system. The rate, at which news travels today, can be devastating on slow fixed rate system. The f lexible system also allows for countries to pursue an independent monetary policy, rather than have it set by a key currency such as the US Dollar. So far the flexible exchange rates have been more adaptable and have been able to distribute the burden of adjustment between the foreign economies and the domestic economy. A fixed rate system may be useful in a developing economy such as the previously mentioned Argentine case, but the change in the base currency (US Dollar) caused the devaluation of the Argentine peso. The Argentinean government was not able to recover fast enough to head off the economic collapse; in flexible system they may have been able to take proactive measures to avoid the situation they found themselves in. That is just a theory and it is yet to be seen if the Flexible system is better that the fixed rate system, but I am sure as there already has been changes that will impact the financial system, that will cause it adapt to some other policy. 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Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ( Gem ) - 3594 Words

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Contemporary Accounting Research Myer Holdings Ltd.

Question: Discuss about the Contemporary Accounting Research for Myer Holdings Ltd. Answer: Introduction In the main, this research paper would be helpful to evaluate annual reports of Myer Holdings Ltd. (MYR) with regards to the reporting requirements that are enforced on accountants. Moreover, for this paper I would like to select Myer Holdings Ltd as a prime company. The other company that I would like to select in order to make out the differences in disclosures is David Jones Limited (DJL). In addition to this, this research paper would be helpful to evaluate the annual reports of both companies in compliance with the conceptual framework in order to make out the discrepancy in corporate reporting in an effective way. Structure of the Paper In the first section of this paper I would like to provide all the detailed information of the both chosen companies MYR and DJL. Moreover, in the second section, I would like to confirm annual reports of both companies in compliance with the conceptual framework as well as standards. In the third section, I would like to give some important suggestions that the firms must implement to improve the overall efficiency of the organizations. Company Background Myer Holdings Ltd.: MYR is the leading retail company in Australia. It offers a large variety of products such as: clothes, toys, electrical, home wares, food confectionery, footwear accessories, cosmetics fragrance, books stationery, furniture bedding, travel goods, and so forth (Myer Pty Ltd. 2016). David Jones Limited: DJL is a fashionable department store in Australia. DJL was established by David Jones in 1838. Along with this, David Jones is the oldest operating department store that is still trading in its innovative name (David Jones. 2016). Annual Reports In Compliance With Conceptual Framework Standards Conceptual Framework: This discussion of this section is depends on the consolidated financial statements as well as annual reports of the Myer and Jones. To make this discussion effective and the comparison advantageous, the accounting policies that are used in the preparation of the financial as well as annual reports would also be discusses in this section. The management of both companies needs to estimate the things that may affect the annual reports of the organizations. It is because of a business organization contain inherent uncertainties and for that reason, the management must estimate and also make assumptions in order to prepare accurate financial reports as well as annual reports at the end of the year (Mondelez International, 2016). On the other hand, it should be noted down that, the Myer prepares its consolidated financial statements as per the AASB (Australian Accounting Standards Board). The firm fully obliged to implement the entire pre-determined accounting standard to prepare its consolidated financial statements in reference to AASB. The firm is obliged to make its financial statements according to the AASB due to several reasons. For case, the main reason is that, all the listed companies are obliged to work as per the Australian Accounting Standards Board. In this case, Myer is also a listed company and fully compelled to follow AASB in a systematic way (AASB, 2015). On the other hand, it should also be noted down that, AASB are also issued by IASB (International Accounting Standards Board) and all the listed organizations are obliged to prepare their consolidated financial statements as per the global accounting standards. Apart from this, David Jones is also a listed company and it is also obliged to prepare its consolidated financial statements in line with Australian Accounting Standards Board. In the same manner, it should be noted down that both Myer and David Jones put into practice the AASB accounting standards in order to prepare and to present their annual reports in an effective and an appropriate way (Wang, 2014). On the other hand, it should also be noted down that, the economic characteristic as well as risks that are inherent in the economy of the nation also influence the financial activities and outcomes of the companies. In that case, the accounting standards provided by AASB play a significant role in order to discontinue such activities that may influence the operations as well as financial results of the firms. Along with this, to break off these types of activities, AASB obliged to display all the additional disclosures such as: cash flow, balance sheet, and so no in order to prepa re consolidated financial statements and annual reports accurately (Tarca, Morris and Moy, 2013). As a result, Myer is including its additional disclosures in order to prepare its consolidated financial statements as well as annual reports as per the specified accounting standards. In the same manner, David Jones also applies the accounting standards provided by AASB in order to prepare as well as present its annual reports at the end of each and every financial year. Moreover, David Jones also operates its business in different countries and for that reason the firm concentrated on all its business as well as financial reports in order to make sure that all the financial statements and financial reports that is disclosed by the firm are adequate and also according to international financial reporting standards (Braun, Haynes, Lewis and Taylor, 2015). Along with this, the main focus of the firm is to observe all the international accounting standards as well as guidelines are followed by the firm in a proper way. In this wait, with the help of the valuation of both companies, it can be assumed that both Myer and David Jones follow the Australian Accounting Standards Board to prepare their consolidated financial statements and annual reports accurately. Fair Value Accounting Standards: On the basis of the previous annual reports of the chosen organizations, it should be noted down that both business organizations use fair value accounting method to predict the accurate value of assets, liabilities, and equities of the business firms. In addition to this, AASB also expresses that the firms must consider the fair value as price in order to sell their assets, to pay their liabilities and to make all the transactions in an effective and a comprehensive manner (Barth, 2015). On the other hand, it should also be noted down that, both companies take in historical cost convention method, assessment of investment properties, trading securities, available-for-sale financial assets, financial assets liabilities at fair value, derivative contracts, and so forth in order to proper financial reports of the firms in an accurate way. Moreover, fair value of valuation is an effective method that plays a critical role in order to estimate accurate value of the assets of the firms. In the AASB, the fair value method is also famous as market-to-market accounting practice (Crawford, Ferguson, Helliar and Power, 2014). In addition to this, both firms formulate as well as implement accounting standards in order to make sure the consistency and significance of the information that do not influence particular interests as well as results of the organizations. In addition to this, all the way by using the fair value method, both companies evaluate as well as represent their assured assets as well as liabilities in the balance sheet on the basis of their fair market prices. Moreover, both companies use fair value method to measure all their assets in order to reveal the exact value of business in front of their investors and shareholders (Daske, Hail, Leuz and Verdi, 2013). In addition to this, fair value accounting method entails financial reporting of assets as well as liabilities on the B/S at fair value. The method also reflects on changes in actual value of assets as well as liabilities the same as gains and losses in the income statement. Code of Conduct and Corporate Government Statement: On the basis of the annual reports of the firm, it should also be noted down that, Myer put into practice code of conduct and corporate government to prepare the report of director in an appropriate way. Along with this, David Jones also talks about the corporate governance in its financial statements. At the end of each and every year both firms issue a corporate governance report as the notes of the financial statements (Biondi, et al., 2014). Moreover, the codes of ethics reports of both companies are accessible on their official websites. It should also be noted down that corporate governance framework as well as practices provided numerous policies as well as guidelines that are adopted by the Board of the companies in order to meet their corporate social responsibilities in a proper way. In addition to this, Myer and David Jones also bring to light the work carried out by the companies over the past financial year. Both companies talk about the code of conduct that is related t o their workplaces (Barth, Landsman, Lang and Williams, 2012).. In this way, it can be said that, both companies follow corporate governance and also related documents, charters and policies appropriately. Economic and Risks Factors: Myer declared the economic as well as risks factors in the notes to its financial statements. David Jones did not state economic and risk factors in its financial statement. Moreover, in todays emerging market, economic, political and regulatory risks are evaluated by Myer effectively. Myer contains all the information in their Annual Report or on Form 10-K. Myer operates its businesses in the highly competitive industry, so it reveals the political, economic and regulatory risks and also forward-looking information in its annual reports (Christensen, Lee Walker and Zeng, 2015). The annual reports of Myer are free from bias because of it provides fair as well as accurate financial information in their financial or annual reports. Recommendation On the basis of the above conversation, it can be recommended that David Jones should release information linked to risk factors in its annual reports. For instance, the firm must prepare a report of statement that may represent all the business related risks in front of its investors and shareholders. This strategy would be helpful in order to improve the image of business firm in an effective way (Dye and Sunder, 2001).. Moreover, David Jones operates its business in the global market and also faces several risks; so it must point out the risks factors in its reports in order to designate the shareholders about the prospective of the business. In addition to this, it is also suggested that Myer must consider all the major aspects linked to the IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards). For case, in order to prepare and develop financial statements as well as reports, the firm must adopt and implement guidelines and standards of IFRS. The firm must prepare financial statements as per the accounting standards of IFRS. IFRS would also be helpful to overcome the financial error in a proper way. At the same time, it should also be noted down that, Myer runs its operations in many countries and as a result it should apply the international standards to follow international aspects connected to business (Francis, Huang and Khurana, 2015). On the other hand, it is also recommended that, Myer should release all its essential information for the profits of investors and stakeholders. Moreover, the firm should also work as per the accounting standards and also fulfill its corporate social responsibilities in an effective and a more comprehensive manner. In addition to this, it is also suggested that the firm must provide training to its human resources; so they can fulfill their corporate social responsibilities and also improve image of the corporation in front of others. To end with, it is also suggested that, the company should concentrate on different kinds of risks that may influence the profitability as well as productivity of the company in a negative way. The firm should develop innovative strategies to deal and to conquer certain risk in an effective way (Ahmed, Neel and Wang, 2013). On the whole, it is suggested that, the company should follow all the pre-determined guidelines and accounting standards for the ov erall success as well as growth of the organization. References AASB. (2016). Available At: https://www.aasb.gov.au/ [Accessed On 19th August 2016]. Ahmed, A. S., Neel, M. and Wang, D. (2013) Does mandatory adoption of IFRS improve accounting quality? Preliminary evidence. Contemporary Accounting Research, 30(4), pp. 1344-1372. Barth, M. E. (2015). Commentary on Prospects for Global Financial Reporting. Accounting Perspectives, 14(3), pp. 154-167. Barth, M. E., Landsman, W. R., Lang, M. and Williams, C. (2012). Are IFRS-based and US GAAP-based accounting amounts comparable? Journal of Accounting and Economics, 54(1), pp. 68-93. Biondi, Y., Tsujiyama, E., Glover, J., Jenkins, N. T., Jorgensen, B., Lacey, J. and Macve, R. (2014). Old hens make the best soup: accounting for the earning process and the IASB/FASB attempts to reform revenue recognition accounting standards. Accounting in Europe, 11(1), pp. 13-33. Braun, G. P., Haynes, C. M., Lewis, T. D. and Taylor, M. H. (2015). Principles-based vs. rules-based accounting standards: The effects of auditee proposed accounting treatment and regulatory enforcement on auditor judgments and confidence. Research in Accounting Regulation, 27(1), pp. 45-50. Christensen, H. B., Lee, E., Walker, M. and Zeng, C. (2015). Incentives or standards: What determines accounting quality changes around IFRS adoption? European Accounting Review, 24(1), pp. 31-61. Crawford, L., Ferguson, J., Helliar, C. V. and Power, D. M. (2014). Control over accounting standards within the European Union: the political controversy surrounding the adoption of IFRS 8. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 25(4), pp. 304-318. Daske, H., Hail, L., Leuz, C. and Verdi, R. (2013). Adopting a label: Heterogeneity in the economic consequences around IAS/IFRS adoptions. Journal of Accounting Research, 51(3), pp. 495-547. Dye, R. A. and Sunder, S. (2001). Why not allow FASB and IASB standards to compete in the US?. Accounting horizons, 15(3), pp. 257-271. Francis, J. R., Huang, S. X. and Khurana, I. K. (2015). The Role of Similar Accounting Standards In Crossà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Border Mergers and Acquisitions. Contemporary Accounting Research. Myer Pty Ltd. (2016). Annual Reports. Available At: https://investor.myer.com.au/Reports/ [Accessed On 19th August 2016]. Tarca, A., Morris, R. D. and Moy, M. (2013). An investigation of the relationship between use of international accounting standards and source of company finance in Germany. Abacus, 49(1), pp. 74-98. David Jones. (2016). Available At: https://www.davidjones.com.au/Contact-Us [Accessed On 19th August 2016]. Wang, C. (2014). Accounting standards harmonization and financial statement comparability: Evidence from transnational information transfer. Journal of Accounting Research, 52(4), pp. 955-992. Zeff, S. (2014). The IASB and FASB stumble over the annuity method of depreciation. Accounting in Europe, 11(1), pp. 55-57.

The Factors of Gangsterism free essay sample

Nowadays, there are lot of cases that involve students in gangsterism. According to Curry and Spergel (1990), gangsterism is defined as a crowd or collectively of person with a common identity who cooperate in clique or sometime as a whole group on a fairly regular basis and whose activities the society may view in varying degrees as rightful, illegal, immoral, or some combination. The problem of gangsterism among students of fully residential schools careful studies before effective action can be aken to overcome it. There are a few factors why students involve in gangsterims in school that are mind controlling, bullying, and beating each other. The main factors of gangsterism are beating and gamble. Due to chief Deputy of Comm. Datuk Mohd Mokhtar Mohd Sharif, said four boys who are understand to sit for their SPM exam this year were under arrest over kidnapping and beating of Lim Bing Li,17. He said that students should not mixed up with in gangs and they would not stand for gang linked crime and use all existing laws to catch those mixed up in activity. We will write a custom essay sample on The Factors of Gangsterism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some of the school students likes to huge in gamble until they cannot pay for it. As a result of teen gambling, there more teens with debts that they cannot hope for repayment, and a link to stealing and lying. Gambling is an addiction, and gamblers may spend more time on that activity, and less on schoolworks and building relationships with family and friends. On the other hand, gambling is related to other behaviours and factors such as poor academic performance, state in which at least of gambling are lawful.

Deep Ecololgy Essays - Environmental Ethics, Environmentalism

Deep Ecololgy Deep Ecology/Ecosophy The ideas behind deep ecology have major implications today. They allow people to think more profoundly about the environment and possibly come to a better understanding of their own meaning. People are intensely concerned about the world's technological adolescence, massive consumerism, and overpopulation. A man named Arne Naess, former head of the philosophy department at the University of Oslo founded an idea that can direct people's anxiety away from their shallow notion of the problem to one that is much deeper. Deep ecology goes beyond the limited piecemeal shallow approach to environmental problems and attempts to articulate a comprehensive religious and philosophical worldview. (EE p.145) In its most basic form, deep ecology is a wisdom, an ecosophy, which requires humans to see themselves as part of the bigger picture. Naess, Devall, and Sessions outline basic principles of deep ecology in their writing. Furthermore, they address the roles that scientific ecology plays as we ll as the concept of self-realization. Aside from these ideas, ecosabotage needs to be discussed in terms of how it fits with the practice of deep ecology. The basic principles of deep ecology as characterized by the authors mentioned, show us what is supposedly wrong with the world and also give us a framework by which we can make a change. In fact, Naess and Sessions went camping in Death Valley, California in order to gain a different perspective. They condensed fifteen years their thought on the topic of deep ecology in an effort to make it appeal to people from all kinds of backgrounds. They also emphasize that these principles must all be considered together. The first principle states that the value of life, human or non-human, is intrinsic. This means that everything about it is valuable, including individuals, species, populations, habitat, and culture. When considering non-human life, it important to remember that deep ecology likes to include that which can be classified as non-living such as bodies of water and landscapes. Essentially, the presence of inherent value in a natural object is independent of any awareness, interest, or appreciation of it by a conscious being. (EE p.147) Another principle states that the diversity of life forms contributes to our appreciation of their value, but again, they also have values in and of themselves. The ecological field worker (persons with first hand experience with life forms) is highly aware of this. To the ecological field worker, the equal right to live and blossom is an intuitively clear and obvious value axiom. Unfortunately, most humans limit this care for humans only, which is a terrible ?anthropocentrism.' Modern society has done much to prevent us from relationships with non-human life and thus contributed to our own loss. Diversity improves chances of survival by means of creating new ways to live in many different forms. Deep ecology likes to reevaluate the concept of survival of the fittest to one that preaches harmonious coexistence instead killing and domination. Again, this idea is included in the context of human culture and economy. ?Live and let live' is a more powerful ecological principle than ?Eith er you or me' (EE p.135) Sessions and Naess make it another principle that humans have no right to reduce richness and diversity of life, except to fulfill vital needs. First-world nations are not going to reduce their negative effects on the non-human world in record breaking time. Strategies need to be adopted to bring about change to get rid of human delusion and laziness on these issues. Time is of great importance, considering the longer we wait the greater the problem will become. Richness and diversity face major losses given the extinction rate in our time is exponentially greater than in the past. A significant decrease in human population would be beneficial for both human and nom-human life. Undoubtedly, the world's population is growing faster than at any time before due to such a large base despite declining growth rates. Governments need to make even greater efforts and more drastic goals for the future. One key point they argue is that most effort should go into lowering population growth in developed industrial societies. Obviously, these people's lifestyles have far more negative influence on the environment. This ties into the principle that human

Famous vs. Infamous

Famous vs. Infamous Famous vs. Infamous Famous vs. Infamous By Maeve Maddox I have long bewailed the misuse of the word famous to apply to bad people, reminding readers that the word for widely known people of ill repute is infamous. Now I’ve discovered that not only is famous erroneously applied to gangsters and murderers, but now the word infamous is being flung about as if it meant noted or simply, known. The site that brought this latest misuse to my attention features a slideshow about male celebrities who are shorter than average. Each slide provides information under the following headings: Height Date of Birth Number of Children Infamous for One or two of the celebrities are â€Å"infamous for† cocaine use, but the information that appears under the â€Å"infamous† heading for the others is nothing to be ashamed of. Here are a few examples of the behavior labeled infamous on this site: was a dishwasher once was the son of scientists sometimes hides his hand in his pocket to conceal its trembling wears thick black horn-rimmed glasses worked in a beauty salon after high school was godfather to another celebrity’s children These acts hardly fit the OED definition of infamous: Of ill fame or repute; famed or notorious for badness of any kind; notoriously evil, wicked, or vile; held in infamy or public disgrace. Here, for example, are some infamous people noted for their infamous acts: Ivan the Terrible Jack the Ripper Pol Pot Heinrich Himmler Adolf Hitler Josef Stalin Delphine LaLaurie Josef Mengele Tomas de Torquemada Actions that warrant the description of infamous include: burning people to death, performing surgical experiments on conscious children, blinding your architects, boiling your treasurer–that kind of thing. The preoccupation with the celebrity of people–famous or infamous–has coined a new expression: â€Å"famous for being famous.† In the past, the usual way to acquire fame or notoriety was to excel at something, whether writing, acting, or governing. With the advent of self-generated publicity, some people manage to become a focus of public attention for nothing at all. Frequently cited examples of this type of non-fame are: the Kardashian sisters, Paris Hilton, Kato Kaelin, Heidi Montag, Kelly Osbourne, and Ivanka Trump. Here are some words other than famous or infamous that may be used to describe a well-known person: well-known prominent famed popular renowned noted eminent distinguished esteemed celebrated respected illustrious acclaimed great legendary lionized notorious Most of these words are applicable to people known for doing commendable things. The other kind of people are perhaps best ignored as much as possible. Famous and Infamous on Newspapers Monsanto to ditch its infamous name after sale to Bayer (www.theguardian.com) - Syrian Kurdish fighters have detained two British men infamous for their role in the Islamic State’s imprisonment, torture and killing of Western hostages, according to Am (www.nytimes.com) on Broadway’s least-discovered northern stretch.Broadway is arguably the most famous thoroughfare in the world (by one measure, 250 million hits on Google versus 6 million for the Champs-Élysà ©es) (www.nytimes.com) Related posts: â€Å"Famous Doesn’t Apply to Murderers or Gangsters† Video Recap Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Direct and Indirect ObjectsHyper and HypoA Yes-and-No Answer About Hyphenating Phrases

TN Sex Offender Registration Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

TN Sex Offender Registration - Research Paper Example Offender’s certain categories of lifetime registration authorization were implemented from the Pam Lychner Sexual Offender Tracking and Identification Act  (PL 104-236)  in 1996 (Strutin).   In 1998, Section 115 enclosed the requirements of the Title I, the General Provisions of the Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act (CJSA) to alter the Wetterling Act requirements. The requirements include sex, federal military offender’s catalog  of workers and students who are nonresident and National Sex Offender Registry (NSOR) participants (BJA).   In 2000, the Wetterling Act was amended by the Campus Sex Crimes Prevention Act. It required offenders to report their wanted information regarding the employment or enrollment in any higher education institution to the law enforcement agencies that covered the institution jurisdiction (History of the JWA). Sex offenders must register themselves before or after the release from detention or punishment to the supervision of the community. It’s better from Sentencing Court or the Department of Corrections to alert the offenders regarding their local registration and requirements after their probation sentence or release. Registration agency is normally the county police department or sheriff’s office in the area where an offender resides. Multiple agencies’ involvement is not exceptional for the registration of an offender’s progress throughout the stages of the criminal justice procedure (Sex Offender Registration).   Registration laws in many states apply the same rules to offenders from one place to another. Offenders working, movements, enrollment in an education department in other the cascade in the Wetterling Act that registers them in the new states law enforcement agencies, normally within ten days (Sex Offender Registration).  Ã‚  

Dangerous Liaison Vs Cruel Intentions Coursework

Dangerous Liaison Vs Cruel Intentions - Coursework Example Cruel Intentions is a modern day adaptation of the novel with love, evil, gullibility and manipulation combined with moral cynicism and lust for domination by the primary protagonists. The main characters in the novel were French aristocrats and adults, while the movie depicts the protagonists as young adults who combine manipulation and revenge to achieve their ulterior goals. The lack of social and moral authority which is denounced by Laclos in the novel is transformed into the lack of parental influence on Catherine and Sebastian in the movie. The two siblings are free to pursue their dangerous game of playing with others’ feelings and reputations. The movie also has many erotic messages which create a mental image of what the protagonists is up-to. The novel on the other hand provides the action through a veil of language. Laclos establishes the hypocrisy of the main characters by a series of letters in which they show their various facets to different recipients. The mov ie highlights the hypocrisy of the lead characters in the opening credits as they get ready to mingle with society. Both Merteuil and Catherine are respected members of their societies without anyone their true nature. In Dangerous Liaisons, Valmont dies in a sword fight with Danceny. Before dying he gives him letters which would ruin the reputation of Merteuil. Her reputation is shattered and she eventually dies of misery. Cruel Intentions provides a more heroic and tragic ending of Sebastian who is killed in a car accident. He pushes Annette out of the care before being killed. Annette and Cecile ensure that Catherine is humiliated in front of the student body. Her drug addiction becomes public which tarnishes her reputation. The subject of drug abuse amongst young adults is a major theme of the movie. The movie also portrays the independence of modern women. Cecile and Annette fight back against the manipulation and deceit of

Smallpox Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Smallpox - Article Example There was some opposition regarding terms posted for getting vaccination. Certain difficulties were encountered during the process of eradication. WHO faced serious financial difficulties and it lacked constant support from its various offices within its framework. The above bottle necks were overcome in 1970's with the help of various governments and development agencies. U.S joined hands with countries like Russia and the WHO framework to make eradication a success. The decade of 1970 played a major role in helping the eradication of small pox by conducting expanded Programme on Immunization. The smallpox eradication was then certified based on intense verification performed in the countries by a group of scientists who confirmed it in December 1979 and was acknowledged by WHO's Health Assembly in 1980. 1980 witnessed the fulfillment of the goal which was considered impossible. This was the greatest achievement of global public health in the 20th century. After the 1980's, people were free from the deadly virus. But it did not last for a longer time. WHO announced multiple deadlines in 1993, 1995 and 1999 to eradicate the remaining virus stocks. But they failed to accomplish the task in the expected deadline. In 2002 U.S saw a sudden outbreak of small pox.

Elderly Care: Cultural Influences and Promoting Positivity

Elderly Care: Cultural Influences and Promoting Positivity Care of the Older Person Introduction In this assignment the learner is required to investigate on the topic based on life after employment for the older person in Cameroon and write a project that covers the following areas. The role of carer/organisation in promoting positive attitudes to ageing and retirement, ethnic and cultural influences in retirement, health and therapeutic interventions that enhances life for person after retirement and how family members can be included in caring for the older person. All the information in this project is obtain from the internet, articles and books. The Role of Carer/Organisation in Promoting Positive attitudes to ageing and retirement In Cameroon one of the organisations that promote positive ageing is Community Development Volunteers for Technical Assistance (CDVTA). CDVTA is a legally registered community development charity in Cameroon that helps the elderly realize their rights, live in dignity and improve their livelihoods. They have created elderly clubs at the rural/community level to encourage the older people get involved in activities such as rearing, beekeeping, soap making and medical plant production. They also support the elderly to feel more included and cared by the community through active club membership, regular home-visits and integrating with their families. They help to raise living standards in areas where no other government support exists by providing volunteers who assist the elderly in personal hygiene and household works. The elderly are also empowered to attain improved standards of living. Ref: CDVTA Cameroon, 2012. The Regional Centre for the Welfare of Aging Persons (RECEWAPEC) is a humanitarian organisation that works for the welfare of older people in Cameroon. They encouraged older people to be involved in activities such as pigs breeding, farming bees, cultivating mushrooms and bee farming. They also support older people’s eye care projects and reach older people and families affected by HIV and AIDS. They help the elderly claim their rights, challenge discrimination and overcome poverty so they can live dignified, secure, active and healthy lives. Ref:HelpAge International, 2012. Ethnic Cultural influences on the Older Person In Relation to Retirement Cameroon has approximately 1.2milion of seniors aged over 60 years living more in rural areas than urban areas. In Cameroon the retirement age is 60-65. Cameroon does not have a national pension policy that covers all workers. Only those who have worked for the civil service or in other formally recognized sectors receive a pension or any kind of government support. Many in retirement still struggle. It takes a lot of time, money and bureaucracy to set up a pension plan and some people die before receiving their payments. People who have worked all their lives in jobs that fall outside the control of the government tend to rely on private pension policies, which are even less reliable. They are the most vulnerable. There is little specific attention paid to the issues faced by the ageing generation. There are no government institutions, organizations or healthcare services that specialize in meeting older peoples needs. Indeed, Cameroon has never conducted a national survey to find o ut what the challenges that elderly people face. Many elderly in Cameroon lives in isolation and neglect with little help from their families and communities as there is no specific legislation that protects and promotes the rights of elderly. The elderly in Cameroon are facing different problems depending on whether they live in urban or rural areas. Because of unending movement of the population, older persons living in cities cannot rely on a social network. Although health centers are located in cities, they usually are built in the suburbs several kilometers away. They experience poor living conditions, limited access to healthcare, exclusion from society and decision-making processes. In urban areas, it is particularly bad. Most of them have moved to the countryside as they are not isolated. In Cameroonn older people are abandoned to their self whether in the village or town. They benefit from assistance by families that have kept up some traditional values and offer mutual su pport and some have a small business that pays them what to eat. Ref: globaldevelopment, 2015. How Health Promotion Therapeutic Interventions can Enhance Quality of Life. Health promotion enhances quality of life for retired elderly people in many ways. It improves the body function, longevity, it promotes their general and emotional wellbeing, it makes older people to feel good and helps to identify health-related problems. In older people it important to promote a healthy attitude towards the following aspects healthy eating, exercise and voluntary work. In Cameroon the majority of retired elderly people have gardens and small farms where they cultivate food stuff. This enables them to eat healthy fresh food everyday and to have healthy options of food provided in different ways. The elderly people in Cameroon are very active. They get involve in cultural activities, excursions, farming, dancing groups, rearing, beekeeping, soap making. Majority of them don’t drive so they walk to their farms, around the community visiting families and friends. This keeps them flexible and creates less chance of developing anxiety/ depression. The elderly pla y a very important role in the Cameroon culture. Some of them volunteer to take care of babies and accompany children to school if they are still strong most become institutions because they engage to transmit local cultures and knowledge to the younger generation, play a vital role in conflict resolution and peacemaking and some act as advisers and supervisors to some organisation and government. Due to the role they play in the society this ensure a good life, makes them feel useful and gives them something to do so they do not feel lonely thus longer life expectancy. Therapeutic interventions that can improve the quality of life of elderly people in Cameroon include njangi groups, old person’s social clubs and church groups. This helps the elderly to have access to a group of people of their age, enjoy conversation, dance and make new friends. Therefore promote mental stimulation and encouraged mobility, keeps them active and involved, helps to overcome poverty, makes them feel valued members of the community and improves their mental and physical health. Ref: Growing old in Cameroon, 2013. Discuss how family members can be included as partners in care for the older person. In Cameroon family ties are intimate and long lasting, so the elderly rely so much on the family for greatest security. Older persons benefit from assistance by families that have keep up some traditional values and offer mutual support. Care is provided only by family members as they are required to take care of their parents. Because there are no nursing homes or elderly care facilities in Cameroon parents have traditionally lived with their children or extended family members. Caring for the elderly by their family members are common phenomenon and important values in both the rural and urban areas in Cameroon. Most often these elderly persons reside in rural areas and are engaged in subsistence farming activities. When they are frail and are not able to carry on the farming activities one the children either the eldest or the wealthiest in the family takes his or her parent to live with and takes the responsibility providing assistance to them, assist them with their activities o f daily living such as bathing, feeding, cooking their meals and toileting and providing their needs such as clothing, food, shelter, health and money. Family’s members are also responsible for the medical cost of the older person. Women have a very strong family ties and therefore are very committed in helping their parents. This ensures a good livelihood to the elderly and as an obligation of the able child to take care of his/her parents. Ref: Growing old in Cameroon, 2013. Conclusion Life after retirement in Cameroon is more difficult as compare to Ireland. This is due to the fact that there are a lot of facilities in Ireland such as nursing homes, social welfare services and medical facilities as compare to Cameroon. Reference List CDVTA Cameroon, 2012. globaldevelopment, 2015. Growing old in Cameroon, 2013. HelpAge International, 2012. 5M4339[Type text]John Mbeng Tagni

Essay --

This essay offers a contextual, and theoretical explanation as to why Stereoscopes are a product of modernity: drawing particular attention to the stereoscope - that enables what many viewers perceive as a greater level of realism in the cinematic image -, existing arguments around the topic which have been developed to interpret and explain its social significance within the modern period. The discussion begins with an informative differentiation of both ideologies, which we identify as Modernism and Modernity; the second paragraph, is a brief background of the optical instrument which hopefully bleeds into the main body of ideas conceived from thorough research via David Trotter, Jonathan Crary and Goethe. My interest in this particular subject arose out of empirical knowledge of cameras from studying Photography at A Level and a prior thesis I conducted in regards to Capitalism: Slavery, an excerpt by filmmaker Ken Jacobs. A metaphorical screening considering the relationship of b oth fields not only in their shared money form but also the difference surrounding these two highly charged and complex kinds of bodies: the slave body and the corporate body which in reality are the a biological form and a wealth form. Modernism indicates a branch of movements in art (Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Fauvism; Cubism; Expressionism; Dada, Surrealism, Pop Art. Etc.) with distinct characteristics, it firmly rejects its classical precedent and classical style, what Walter Benjamin would refer to as â€Å"destructive liquidation of the traditional value of the cultural heritage†; and it explores the etiology of a present historical situation and of its attendant forms of self-consciousness in the West. Whereas Modernity is often used as ... .... 'It is a moment when the visible escapes from the timeless incorporeal order of the camera obscura and becomes lodged in another apparatus, within the unstable physiology and temporality of the human body'. Crary further demonstrates the shift in vision's location from camera to body by examining the way in which it was reproduced in various optical devices invented during this same period, specifically the stereoscope, the kaleidoscope, the phenakistiscope, and the diorama. His examination is based on a provocative premise: 'There is a tendency to conflate all optical devices in the nineteenth century as equally implicated in a vague collective drive to higher and higher standards of verisimilitude' (110). According to Crary, such an approach tends to neglect entirely how some of these devices were expressions of what he calls 'nonveridical' models of perception.

Algebra Writing Assignment

Joey Dolce Mr. Moore Algebra 2 28 September 2012 Algebra Writing Assignment The articles written by Roger C. Schank oppose the standard way of educating the young minds of America. The articles explain why, Algebra, Chemistry, Physics, History, and more academic subjects are useless in developing a young teenagers mind and growth. Although Roger C. Schank makes valid points about his arguments, I disagree with him on most of his opinions. Even though math is not a strong subject of mine I think math is used in someone’s everyday life.When making a decision math helps me think of the different possibilities and outcomes to make the best possible decision. Math is involved in many of the jobs society has to offer today. Engineering, construction, computer programmer, financial advisor, market analyst, and many more all include the involvement of math. Roger C. Schank criticizes the way subjects are taught in school. I think he forgets that since our nation has instituted the ide a of curriculum into the classrooms in 1892 America has advanced tremendously.We would not have advanced this much if the subjects taught in the classrooms were so useless and unimportant. Furthermore, Math is heavily involved in a nation’s economy and finances. Almost all economic decisions regarding a nation has math included in it. Whether to produce more of one good then another or how much money a nation should spend on its military is based off equations that math has given us. Not only does math help a nation but it also helps in small ways, such as in a family. If a couple decides to have kids, they should decide if they are financially ready for the kids.Will they have to make sacrifices on vacations or new appliances to have a child? All these decisions are solved through some sort of math. In, conclusion I believe that algebra is a very important part of life. Not only does algebra help you with life but mostly of all the subjects taught in school help you in some shape or form. In each subject, you learn new vocabulary, build on your writing skills, and learn better ways to study and prepare. All these skills taught in these subjects can help you prepare better for your future. Test: â€Å"Study Guide Algebra†

The Cape Cod Style House in the New World

The Cape Cod Style House in the New World The Cape Cod style house is one of the most recognized and beloved architectural designs in America. When British colonists traveled to the New World, they brought a housing style so practical that it endured through the ages. The modern day Cape Cod houses you see in nearly every part of North America are modeled after the rugged architecture of colonial New England. The style is a simple one - some may call it primitive with a rectangular footprint and gable pitched roof.  You will rarely see a porch or decorative embellishments on a traditional Cape Cod home. These houses were designed for easy construction and efficient heating. Low ceilings and a central chimney kept rooms comfortable during cold winters in the northern colonies. The steep roof helped slough off the heavy snow. The rectangular design made additions and expansions an easy task for growing families. Fast Facts: Colonial Cape Characteristics Post and beam, rectangular footprintOne story with additional half story under roofSide gable roof, fairly steepCenter chimneyShingle or clapboard exterior sidingCenter front door, two double-hung windows on each sideLittle ornamentation History The first Cape Cod style homes were built by Puritan colonists who came to America in the late 17th century. They modeled their homes after the half-timbered houses of their English homeland, but adapted the style to the stormy New England weather. Over a few generations, a modest, one- to one-and-a-half-story house with wooden shutters emerged. Reverend Timothy Dwight, a president of Yale University in Connecticut, recognized these houses as he traveled throughout the Massachusetts coastline, where Cape Cod juts out into the Atlantic Ocean. In an 1800 book describing his travels, Dwight is credited with coining the term Cape Cod to describe this prolific class or type of colonial architecture. Traditional, colonial-era homes are easily identifiable - rectangular shape; moderately steep roof pitch with side gables and a narrow roof overhang; one story of living area with a half story of storage area below the roof. Originally they were all constructed of wood and sided in wide clapboard or shingles. The facade had a front door placed at the center or, in a few cases, at the side - multi-paned, double-hung windows with shutters symmetrically surrounded the front door. The exterior siding was originally left unpainted, but then white-with-black-shutters became the standard later on. Homes of the original Puritans had little exterior ornamentation. Cape Cods styles smaller than what is known as double Capes include the single Cape with a facade of two windows to the side of the front door, and the three-quarter Cape with a front door offset from the center chimney allowing only one window on the short side. The rectangular interior could be divided or not, with a large central chimney linked to a fireplace in each room. No doubt the first homes would have been one room, then two rooms - a master bedroom and a living area. Eventually there may have been a center hall in a floor plan of four rooms, with a kitchen addition in the back, separated for fire safety. Certainly a Cape Cod house had hardwood floors that replaced original dirt floors, and what interior trim there was would be painted white - for purity. 20th Century Adaptations Much later, in the late 1800s and early 1900s, a renewed interest in Americas past inspired a variety of Colonial Revival styles. Colonial Revival Cape Cod houses became especially popular during the 1930s and later. Developers and architects anticipated a building boom after World War II. Pattern books and catalogs flourished and publications held design competitions for practical, affordable dwellings to be bought by a burgeoning American middle class. The most successful marketeer  who promoted the Cape Cod style is considered to be the architect Royal Barry Wills, a  Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-educated marine engineer.  Although Willss designs do indeed breathe sentiment, charm, and even sentimentality, their dominant characteristics are reticence, modesty of scale, and traditional proportions, writes art historian David Gebhard. Their small size and scale exuded puritanical simplicity on the outside and tightly organized spaces on the inside - a combination that Gebhard likens to the inner workings of a marine vessel. Wills won many competitions with his practical house plans. In 1938 a Midwestern family chose a Wills design for being more functional and affordable than a competing design by the famous Frank Lloyd Wright. Houses for Good Living in 1940 and Better Houses for Budgeteers in 1941 were two of Wills most popular pattern books written for all the dreaming men and women waiting for the end of World War II. With floor plans, sketches, and Dollar Savers from an Architects Handbook, Wills spoke to a generation of dreamers, knowing that the U.S. government was willing to back up that dream with GI Bill benefits. Inexpensive and mass-produced, these 1,000-square-foot houses filled a need for the rush of soldiers returning from the war. In New Yorks famous Levittown housing development, factories churned out as many as 30 four-bedroom Cape Cod houses in a single day. Cape Cod house plans were heavily marketed in the 1940s and 1950s. Twentieth century Cape Cod houses share many features with their colonial ancestors, but there are key differences. A modern-day Cape will usually have finished rooms on the second story, with large dormers to expand the living space. With the addition of central heating, the chimney of a 20th century Cape Cod is often more conveniently placed at the side of the house instead of the center. The shutters on modern Cape Cod houses are strictly decorative (they cant be closed during a storm), and the double-hung or casement windows are often single-paned, perhaps with faux grills. As 20th century industry produced more construction materials, exterior siding changed with the times - from traditional wood shingles to clapboard, board-and-batten, cement shingles, brick or stone, and aluminum or vinyl siding. The most modern of adaptations for the 20th century would be the garage facing front so the neighbors knew you owned an automobile. Additional rooms attached to the side or rear created a design that some people have called Minimal Traditional, a very sparse mashup of the Cape Cod and Ranch style houses. Cape Cod Bungalow Cottage Modern-day Cape Cod architecture often mingles with other styles. It is not unusual to find hybrid houses that combine Cape Cod features with Tudor cottage, Ranch styles, Arts and Crafts or Craftsman bungalow. A bungalow is a small home, but its use is often reserved for a more Arts and Crafts design.  A cottage is used more often to amplify the house style described here. The Dictionary of Architecture and Construction defines a Cape Cod cottage as a rectangular frame house with low one-story eaves, white clapboarded or shingle walls, gabled roof, large central chimney, and front door located on one of the long sides; a style frequently used for small houses in the New England colonies during the18th cent. The names we attach to our residential architecture is telling of the times. People who live in small Cape Cod styles homes will rarely use the word cottage to describe where they live. People of means, however, with enough money to have a summer home, might describe their second (or third) home as a cottage - as happened during the Gilded Age with the mansion-cottages of Newport, Rhode Island and elsewhere. Sources Baker, John Milnes. American House Styles: A Concise Guide. Norton, 2002capelinks.com. Cape Cod How Can You Recognize an Original Cape Cod Style House?   capelinks.com/cape-cod/main/entry/how-can-you-recognise-an-original-cape-cod-style-house/Gebhard, David. Royal Barry Wills and the American Colonial Revival. Winterthur Portfolio, Vol. 27,  No. 1 (Spring, 1992), The University of Chicago Press, p. 51Goldstein, Karin. The Enduring Cape Cod House. Pilgrim Hall Museum. pilgrimhall.org/pdf/Cape_Cod_House.pdf  Harris, Cyril M. ed. Dictionary of Architecture and Construction. McGraw-Hill, p. 85Library of Congress. Cape Cod Houses Recorded by the Historic American Buildings Survey. July 2003. loc.gov/rr/print/list/170_cape.htmlMcAlester, Virginia and Lee. A Field Guide to American Houses. Knopf, 1984, 2013Old House Online. Cape Cod Cottage History of Cape Cod Architecture. August 4, 2010. https://www.oldhouseonline.com/house-tours/original-cape-cod-cottage Walker, Lester. American Shelter: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the American Home. Overlook, 1998

Black Holes Essays - Galaxies, Black Holes, Astrophysics

Black Holes Essays - Galaxies, Black Holes, Astrophysics Black Holes Table of Contents I. What are black holes? II. Where do they come from? III. Interesting facts about black holes. IV. How are they discovered? A. X-ray Emissions B. Exotic Energy Sources C. Star speeds D. Masers E. The Baseline Array F. Hubble Telescope G. Satellites V. Quasi-Stellar Relations VI. Locations A. M87 B. Milky Way C. Andromeda D. E. NGC 6240 F. A0620-00 What are black holes? Black holes are the remains of a massive star that has collapsed and shrunk to a tiny point in space. They have all of the gravity of the star concentrated into that point. Black holes are difficult to see because they cannot be seen. They cannot be seen because they are spinning faster than the speed of light and light cannot escape from them. They can be compared to a giant vacuum cleaner, they suck in anything that gets near them. Where do black holes come from? Black holes are formed when giant stars run out of fuel and are overwhelmed by their own gravity. When this happens they cannot keep from collapsing. After stars collapse, they start rotating and as they are spinning, their gravity becomes stronger causing them to shrink. As the object becomes smaller, it starts spinning faster and faster. Using a small black marble as an example of the size that Earth would become if it collapsed and became a black hole, Todd R. Lauer, of the National Optical Astronomy Observatories said, " Black holes are very messy eaters. If you took that marble to an 'all-you-can-eat buffet' allowing it to consume all the matter around it, the feeding frenzy would produce as much radiation as the Sun." Research indicates that black holes may have existed at the beginning of time. Black holes are so dense that not even light can escape. Looking towards a black hole, the stars behind it would appear out of place because black holes distort light. The immense gravitational pull of black holes is thought to be responsible for the swirling masses of stars in spiral galaxies throughout the universe. Gravity in a black hole should be able to pack stars in so tight that the intensity of the stars' light would drastically increase towards the center of gravity. Everything falling into a bla! ck hole loses its identity, you couldn't tell if it were a satellite or a T.V. set that fell in. Dr. Fred Chromey of Vassar College in New York said, " Black holes are the easiest way to explain some of the strange things that are going on in some of the galaxies." Research indicates that if a black hole formed, it would eventually evaporate but it would take millions of years. Earth's escape velocity, the speed it takes to escape the pull of gravity, is 11 kilometers per second. The escape velocity of a black hole is 300,000 kilometers per second, which is faster than the speed of light. If Earth's diameter shrank to less than 1 centimeter, the escape velocity would exceed the sped of light, the escape velocity of a black hole. Anything can become a black hole if you compress it enough. How are black holes located? Black holes technically can't be seen, but they give off many clues to their location. Signs of many black holes have been located during normal observation of other space objects. Abnormally high levels of X-rays and gamma rays are the most common clues, but other exotic energy sources are also good clues. Astronomers have also located black holes by studying the speeds of swirling galaxies. If large objects are moving at very high speeds astronomers usually try to track their orbits and try to locate a central object that could be the source of the gravity. Another clue to the location of black holes are masers. Masers are the cosmic relatives of lasers. They are water molecules orbiting black holes that capture and amplify radiation and send it back out into space. Masers are usually located in the accretion disk, the swirling cloud of gases above a black hole. Some masers have been clocked traveling over 650 miles per second. Many types of equipment are used to locate black holes. One type of equipment is called the Baseline Array. The

Competitiveness in the Global Context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Competitiveness in the Global Context - Essay Example In addition, the GDP per capita is high when compared to the country India (India, 2014). The labour market is regulated and good as the number of unemployment rates is down. Furthermore, Canada has a good education system that has been able to constantly produce the enough labor force to run the economy. On the down side, Canada has not been blessed in produced graduates doing science, engineering, mathematics and technology, hence relies more on international labour forces to fill this gap (GCR, 2014). Based on the above analysis, it is evident that Canada has a higher capacity to retain talent than India based on the fact that it has a high employment rate, good wage bill rates, and good education systems for producing the labor force (Canada, 2014). India on the other hand does not have the capacity to retain its labour force since they have a high unemployment rate, low wage bills and do not appreciate people in certain field of studies due to lack of capacity to absorb them (GCR, 2014). In India, the labour force is not steady. Ever since the economic recession, the number of unemployment rates increased and recovery has been slow since the job creation has been slow. In addition, due to the flexibility of the labour force in India, wage rates have decreased (GCR, 2014). The GDP per capita in India is very low when compared to Canada (Canada). India on the bright side has a population of citizens who have graduated in the fields of science, engineering, mathematics and technology. Such students usually get absorbed in countries that require their skills since India is not that well developed (GCR, 2014). Based on the analysis above, it is evident that Canada has a better capacity of attracting talent due to the fact that they have a high employment rate, good wage rate plus need expertise in areas dealing with science, engineering, mathematics and technology. India on the other hand does not have the capacity to attract talent due to their poor economic

Analyse and model engineering situations and solve problems using Math Problem - 1

Analyse and model engineering situations and solve problems using Ordinary differential equations - Math Problem Example This empirical observation coincides to the Newton’s Law of Cooling which states that â€Å"the rate of change of the temperature of an object is proportional to the difference between its own temperature and the ambient temperature.† For instance, when a hot metal ball is placed in a bath of tap water at temperature of T0, it gradually cools. In this process which takes time to complete, naturally the metal ball gives off heat to the surrounding water so that the bath gets warm due to the heat released to it. However, as time proceeds, since the bath of water is open to the larger environment at T0, the system consisting of it and the material it contains would in time establish equilibrium with its environment. In which case, the Newton’s Law of Cooling applies such that, for the heated object being cooled within a room, the temperature of the hot body changes so that it approaches the room’s temperature which is T0. b. Formulate mathematical model for t he cooling process. According to Newton’s Law of Cooling with which the problem statement proves to be consistent, a first-order differential equation may be set up as follows: = -kT where ‘k’ refers to the constant of proportionality. The negative sign accounts for the difference in temperature since the object being cooled would have a lower final temperature compared to its initial temperature. Then on solving the equation: = -k Where Tf = final temperature difference T(t) - T0 Ti = initial temperature difference T1 - T0 Here, T0 = ambient room temperature T1 = initial temperature of heated object T(t) = temperature of the object (under cooling) at anytime ‘t’ So that upon evaluation of the integral, ln Tf - ln Ti = -kt By exponent property, ln = -kt ---? = ---? = Then, substituting expressions for Tf and Ti: ----? T(t) - T0 = (T1 - T0) 2. At time t = 0 water begins to leak from a tank of constant cross-sectional area A. The rate of outflow is pro portional to h, the depth of water in the tank at time t. Write the constant of proportion kA where k is constant. a. Analyse the tank leaking process. Since water leaks out of the tank from an initial height say h0 which corresponds to water volume of V(h0) in the tank, the finite change in this volume per unit change in time, beginning at t = 0 would be (?V/t). The tank is not being filled in so this merely represents the rate of water outflow which is proportional to the water depth in the tank. Essentially, the water depth may be expressed as the finite change in height h(t) - h0 as the water leaks out of the tank where h0 refers to the initial height in the tank and h(t) is the height of the water measured at any time ‘t’. b. Formulate mathematical model for the leaking process. The leaking process may be mathematically modelled as follows: = - k A ?h in which A pertains to the constant area of cross-section through water depth The factors kA serve as the constant of proportionality and the negative sign is used to signify the value of h(t) that is lower than h0. For depth ?h = h(t) - h0, it follows that ?V = V[h(t)] - V(h0). Thus, = -k A [ h(t) - h0 ] which on arranging yields to: Write conclusions based on your formulated mathematical model for leaking process. Task 2 – Learning Outcome 4.2 Solve first order differential equations using analytical and numerical methods. 3. Find the solution of the following equations: a. Separating variables, = t dt Integrating both sides, let u

Discussion Forum Post Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Discussion Forum Post - Essay Example I do agree with Castiglione to some extent, but I think that he overlooked the fact that for individuals to perform well they need to acquire experience in the field they are engaged in. I think that no man can be perfect in all areas; everyone has a strong and a weak point. In addition, he never considered the moral values of a gentleman. This is emphasised in the book The American gentleman where the author describes a gentleman as a person who gives room for character development. He is a person that proves to others that he is committed to following the moral high road and acquires his personality and continuously developing, which is associated with his actions. The author also highlights that being a gentleman necessitated self-sacrifice, needs efforts and that a gentleman offers himself freely without expectations for anything in return (Hall v). Yes I agree with Machiavelli’s conviction that a leader must never trust anyone because as written in the selected political writings it is hard to anticipate an armed person would obey a defenceless person gratefully or a person who is not armed would feel secure in the hands of armed employees. This is due to the fact an armed individual disrespects a person who is not armed, and the defenceless person does not have confidence in anyone who can overthrow him. The author describes a wise ruler as the one who is always working in periods of peace taking the advantage of the calm period to prepare for trouble and when disaster strikes he must be ready to retaliate (Machiavelli & Wootton

Japanese Canadians During Wwii Essay Example for Free

Japanese Canadians During Wwii Essay Japanese people were blamed for everything from a bad crop to a flat tire† (Biase). Japanese Canadians claimed they were given many dirty and hateful looks, and overheard â€Å"people cursing at Japanese for their car troubles† (Biase). The Japanese Canadians were being punished for a crime they did not commit. Canada’s only defence for its actions was that, â€Å"Japanese people were not white and they ‘could’ be spies† (Biase). This meant people were suspicious and literally afraid of Japanese for being spies sent from Japan. As a result, Japanese Canadians had to deal with being blamed for things they did not deserve, thus resulting in being treated unjustly as a human being. This notice was distributed throughout British Columbia. If any Japanese were found in the prohibited areas listed, they would be incarcerated. Thirdly, the Japanese Canadians were sent to internment camps across Canada against their will. In Canada, there were 10 internment camps where, â€Å"3 were road camps, 2 were prisoner of war camps (POW) and 5 were self-supporting camps† (Robinson). Internment camps is a â€Å"large detention  center created for political opponents,  enemy aliens, people with  mental illness, members of specific ethnic or religious groups, civilian inhabitants of a critical war-zone, or other groups of people, usually during a war† (Dictionary). In this case, internment camps in Canada at the time were designed for only Japanese Canadians. Internment camps were labour/work camps, which required heavy-duty work for the 22,000 imprisoned Japanese Canadians to do. Since World War II caused a large shortage of farmers, especially sugar beet farmers, the Security Commission Council organized, â€Å"Sugar beet projects to combat the labour shortage. This gave Japanese males a choice. The choice was to work in road camps as slaves or go to the beet camps and be with their families. Working in the beet camp was the choice taken by the majority of Japanese married men† (Biase). Considering the Japanese Canadians had to live inside the camps, the living conditions inside the internment camps were poor. They were crowded and were primitive with no electricity or running water. A story from Hideo Kukubo tells what life was like during the war: â€Å"I was in that camp for four years. When it got cold the temperature went down to as much as 60 below. The buildings stood on flat land beside a lake. We lived in huts with no insulation. Even if we had the stove burning the inside of the windows would all be frosted up and white, really white. I had to lie in bed with everything on that I had at one time there were 720 people there, all men, and a lot of them were old men. This is just one of the many horrible stories the Japanese Canadians experienced. Therefore, the Japanese Canadians were treated unfairly when they were forced to work and live in internment camps. In conclusion, the Japanese Canadians suffered during the period 1929 to 1945. They had their property and rights taken from them, they were blamed for unnecessary things and forced into camps where labour was the only thing you did all day. Therefore, when Prime Minister Brian Mulroney announced a historic redress settlement for the Japanese Canadians on September 22, 1988, it truly was the best thing to do, even though it was long overdue.

The New York Crystal Palace :: Architecture History

The New York Crystal Palace: The Great Exhibition of Art and Industry "The Crystal Palace is a partial picture of the age; an exposition of the comforts and luxuries, the manners and attainments which belong to our civilization." -B. Silliman & C. R. Goodrich (The World of Science, Art and Industry at the Crystal Palace, New York, 1854) On July 14, 1853, the Great Exhibition of Art and Industry began in New York City, New York, with the commemoration of the Crystal Palace, the central exhibition hall. The next day, President Franklin Pierce inaugurated the event with a grand ceremony. Secretary of War Jefferson Davis was also on hand. Modeled on the Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London, which had opened a few years earlier for the Exhibition of the Products of the Art and Industry of All Nations, New York's Crystal Palace was larger than its predecessor, and it inspired everyone who saw it. This exhibition included a display of sculpture that was probably the largest ever held in the United States up to that time. There was also a separate gallery for the display of paintings. It was the first world's fair to include a separate picture gallery as part of its exhibits. This image is Stuart's Topological Map of the Crystal Palace and Guide to the Revised Official Catalogue of the Exhibition of the Industries of All Nations. The map was prepared by Henri C. Stuart and published by G.P. Putnam and Co. for the use of visitors to the New York Crystal Palace. With the accompanying legend, visitors would be able to see the layout of all the exhibit classes in the building, as well as the entrances and stairways. As seen in this plan, all the room in the spacious building was used for displaying the different forms of industry. The position of the Machine Gallery in relation to the Crystal Palace can also be seen. The restrooms are between the Palace and the Gallery, adjacent to Saloon areas for the Gents and Ladies respectively. In addition, for the convenience of visitors, a note below the map states, "Wherever this sign (*) occurs on the diagram, is a prominent point of interest to the visitor." The sculptures displayed along the main naves are clearly labeled, so that one could use them as "You Are Here" signs to know where one was on the diagram.

Art Comparison Essay example -- essays research papers

Compare and Contrast Works of Art Bright colors jumping at you asking for attention, images so real viewers can not tell the difference. These are the thoughts that came to my head as I gazed at two works of art by two Mexican artists at MoLAA museum of art . I visited two museums, Bowers Museum of cultural Art in the heart of Southern California and the Museum of Latin American Art in Long Beach for my report unfortunately I only liked the works in MoLAA and will talk about it through out my paper. I will talk about two Mexican artists Rafael Cauduro and David Alfaro Siqueros that caught my eye, and made me want to learn more of them and their approach to art. Siqueiros caught my eye and interest because according to his biography â€Å"no individual associated with the arts with the possible exception of Andrà © Malraux, had been involved in direct political action more than David Alfaro Siqueiros† (Siqueiros Biography online). Personally that to me said a lot and that got me intrigued, and made me want to know more about him and his work. Cauduro on the other hand got me intrigued through his illusionistic approach to art and interpretation of his view of things. Eve thought they seem like different approach to art they are both similar in different ways. My first artist is Rafael Cauduro. Rafael Cauduro was born in capital city of Mexico and now resides in the city of Cuernavaca (state of Morelos) 1950. Rafael started out making superior studies of architecture and industrial design in the Latin American University in Mexico City. According to his biography Cauduro is a self taught painter who steps outside of traditional artist’s standard. Cauduro’s paintings contain a â€Å"trompe de l’oeil† (Fool the eye) quality as indicated in by how in his paintings walls, fences, and objects are so real that people can almost touch them. To the visual realism of Cauduros work, according to critic Ruiz Soto, adds what he termed â€Å"critical illusion† which combines an extreme technical proficiency with fantasy-filled concepts(www.rafael cauduro.com). Rafael Cauduro painting technique is of a surrealism in which the reality of dreams, or subconscious mind are as more real than the surface reality of everyday life (Sayre p.51). Cauduro paints in a Surrealistic way usually portraying the forces of dreams and subconscious that he has been famous for. This artistic movement originat... ...eiros and Cauduro works are politically motivated, but like people, depict them in their own way. Siqueiros because of his military background and more no nonsense look at life is more straight forward as compared to Cauduro, but have similar objectives. Cauduro a more recent unknown artist is more contemporary in the sense that explorers the mind of viewers and makes them think and come with their own conclusion of his views. I liked both of these artist and enjoyed learning more about them and how similar they were, yet so different in terms of style. Art is a language of its own and with out he proper understanding, people are like expression goes â€Å"left on the outside looking in†. In other words, people without the proper understanding of art, technique and form as well as other elements can’t appreciate a work of art as much as when you understand why an artist painted in the way they did and what they are trying to get across to his audience. Despite artists attempts to try and make their works as viewer friendly as possible, without the understanding and knowledge gained from an art class as this one people will never fully understand the a work of art as it is meant to be.

Mongol Change and Continuity

Matthew Choi Period 4 11/25/12 MONGOLS CCOT ESSAY The Mongols were a vast and influential empire that spread throughout Eurasia. From the time of Genghis Khan to the Yuan dynasty, the Mongols experienced numerous changes in their lifestyle and leadership as they strayed from their nomadic ancestry. However, while they experienced some changes, they still clung tightly to their culture until the end of the empire. Genghis Khan was the founder and emperor of the great Mongol Empire, and as a result, it became the largest contiguous land empire in all of history.Genghis Khan sought to unify the Mongols, and conquered nomadic Mongol tribes, unifying them at Karakorum, the capital of the Mongolian Empire. Whether on the battlefield or at home, Genghis was famous for his ruthless brutality. For example, when he defeated Mongol clans, he boiled all of their chiefs alive while killing all males taller than a wheel. As a result, he struck fear into the hearts of men women and children, and al l that he opposed viewed the Mongols as an invincible empire.In 1211 Genghis Khan broke through the Great Wall of China, which the Chinese thought was an ultimate defense; but when Genghis pierced it, they were terrified by his seemingly undefeatable army. He spread his influence across central and Southeast Asia during his reign, but he could not conquer Japan because of divine kamikaze winds and the Mongol fleet was destroyed. This proved that the Mongols were not an invincible force, they could be killed, and this shifted the peoples view on the Great Khan.The Pax Mongolica, or â€Å"The Mongolian Peace† was a time period that lasted for about a century during the Mongol Empire. During this time, intercontinental trade flourished because of the reopened trade routes, including the Silk Road. This time period is also used to describe the stabilization of the Mongol culture. While traveling through the routes and conquering other lands, the Mongols kept to their nomadic ance stry. They lived in Mongol yurts, which were portable dwellings made of pelts and ooden poles, and these were ideal for nomadic travel. The geography of Central Asia consist of deserts and grassy landscapes, where agriculture is hard to support. The nomads focused on the domestication of strong and healthy grazing animals so the Mongols would have enough food, shelter, and clothing. Mongol nomads travelled often, and they had to use the teachings of their ancestors in order to survive. Genghis Khan’s knowledge of his nomadic ancestry is probably one of the biggest reasons why the Mongolian army was so successful.

Heroism in Black Hawk Down essays

Heroism in Black Hawk Down essays Somalia, an East African country of some 6 million, was decimated by famine and civil war in the early 1990s. International aid groups tried to help, but factional fighting and bandits halted the flow of food. Somalis were dying at an estimated rate of 1,000 per day as cargo ships were shelled, trucks were hijacked, and relief workers were murdered. In December 1992, U.S. President George H. Bush announced that the United States would provide the backbone of a multinational military force to secure supply lines and deliver food to the starving. U.S. troops were not greeted warmly when they arrived in Mogadishu, the seaport capital of Somalia. Gen. Mohamed Farah Aidid was especially opposed to their presence. Despite the volatile situation, military intervention appeared to be helping Somalia. The new U.S. presidential administration of Bill Clinton was determined to forge a lasting solution. Clinton's team supported the passage of U.N. resolution 814, expanding the mandate of U.N. involvement in the country. The violence escalated on June 5, 1993 when Somalis killed 25 Pakistani soldiers in the U.N. force. U.N. forces led by U.S. helicopters continued to attack weapon depots. Aidid's militia struck back, shooting U.S., Pakistani, French, and Italian troops and massacring Somali civilians working for the United Nations. Thoughts of nation building disintegrated as more deaths mounted on both sides and the political situation in Somalia grew increasingly radicalized. The United States sent crack military troops to Mogadishu, including Task Force Ranger and US Army special warfare forces Delta. Their mission: bring stability in the region by targeting the men responsible for these atrocities. On October 3, Task Force Ranger and Delta commandos took positions around a three-story building in Mogadishu that they believed held several of Aidid's top lieutenants. Bl...

Decisions essays

Decision's essays What I Learned About My Decision Making Style When I was younger I had the tendency of letting my actions take over my thoughts. What I mean by this is that, I would perform actions before thinking about the outcome. I can recall a time when I made, in my opinion, the worst decision of my life. I stole a Smurf pendent from the corner stole. I wanted the pendent so bad, at that time I was in love with the Smurfs, and I thought that it was something that I really needed. My mother found out that I stole from the store. How she knew to this day puzzles, but she knew. She made me go back to the store and return the pendent and part of my punishment was to help around the store for a whole month that was really embarrassing. The other part of my punishment...well I won't get into detail. However, by maturing I have a better decision-making process. When it comes to critical thinking I always think about the outcome before I make anything final. The reason for this is because I think now as a person, in general, gets older their decisions affect their future in every way. For example having sex is a very important decision that two mature people have to contemplate. They have to really think about the outcomes, such as getting pregnant, catching a sexually transmitted disease etc... The only time when I don't think about the outcome is when I am shopping. I love to shop! Most importantly I love shopping for shoes. I am a shoe freak! If I see a pair of shoes that I like no matter how much they are I will bye them. As a result of this my funds run low and I am left with little or no money to get the things that I really need, like food toiletries and so forth. I know that this is a bad habit therefore to better myself I am working on it, I try not to go to the mall as much as I used to. However with time and patience I will get better about making that particular decision. ...